This tutorial is part of a Collection: 03. DirectX 11 - Braynzar Soft Tutorials
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15. High Resolution Timer

In this lesson, we will learn how to make a high resolution timer in three functions, which we can use to make sure the speed of every moving thing in our scene is updated based on time. This means that no matter what our frames per second are, an object moving in our scene will cover exactly the same distance in one second, whether the fps is 3, 30, or 300, as the distance the object covers or how much it spins will be based on time, and not fps like we have been doing. I waited to have a font lesson before I did this one so we can display the fps, as thats always a nice thing to know when developing games.

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##Introduction## Here we will learn how to use the QueryPerformanceCounter() and QueryPerformanceTimer() functions to impliment a high resolution performance game timer which we will use to find the Frames per Second, and display them on the screen using the function we created in the last lesson. We will also use this timer to find the time it takes for each frame, and update our cubes rotation based on the time it takes per frame. This will keep the cubes spinning smoothly and at the same speed, whatever the frames per second are. ##Global Declarations## These variables are used to keep some of the information global, like the fps and counterstart. double countsPerSecond = 0.0; __int64 CounterStart = 0; int frameCount = 0; int fps = 0; __int64 frameTimeOld = 0; double frameTime; ##New and Modified Functions## Here are our function prototypes. The first you can see is an updated version of our UpdateScene() function. We will be passing in the time (in seconds) it took to render the frame, so we can update our scene based on time and not just fps. The next is our rendertext() function. We have included a new parameter so that we can pass in our fps. Of course, we have declared our fps variable global, so this is really just a waste, but I wanted to do it anyway to make things more clear. The next three have to do with our performance timer. The first is called to start the timer, and the second is called to the time in seconds since the last time we called starttimer. Then we can add one to the framecount variable every frame, and pass that value into the fps variable every second, then clear the framecount. The last new function is used to get the time in seconds for each frame. We can then use the value this returns to update our scene with, and keep our scene moving smoothly and at a constant speed. void UpdateScene(double time); void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt); void StartTimer(); double GetTime(); double GetFrameTime(); ##Timer Functions## Here is the heart of our lesson, the three new timer functions. To get the time, we will use two win32 functions, QueryPerformanceFrequency() and QueryPerformanceCounter(). QueryPerformanceFrequency() returns a 64 bit integer value, representing the frequency, or number of counts per second. Then we use the QueryPerformanceCounter() function to get the current time in counts, which is also stored in a 64 bit integer variable. So the StartTimer() function stores the frequency (counts per second) in a variable we called countsPerSecond, and stores the current time in counts in a variable called CounterStart. The GetTime() function gets the current time in counts using the QueryPerformanceCounter() and stores it into the 64 bit integer we called currentTime. Then we subtract the CounterStart value from the currentTime value, which gives us the amount of counts since we last called StartTimer(), Then we divide that number by the countsPerSecond variable, to get the time in seconds since the StartTimer() function was last called, which is the value the GetTime() function returns. The GetFrameTime() function basically does what the other two functions do, except instead of finding the time since we called startTimer, we find the time since GetFrameTime() was last called, which we will call once every frame. This will return the time in seconds each frame takes to process, which we can then use to make sure our camera and animations are updated smoothly. void StartTimer() { LARGE_INTEGER frequencyCount; QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequencyCount); countsPerSecond = double(frequencyCount.QuadPart); QueryPerformanceCounter(&frequencyCount); CounterStart = frequencyCount.QuadPart; } double GetTime() { LARGE_INTEGER currentTime; QueryPerformanceCounter(&currentTime); return double(currentTime.QuadPart-CounterStart)/countsPerSecond; } double GetFrameTime() { LARGE_INTEGER currentTime; __int64 tickCount; QueryPerformanceCounter(&currentTime); tickCount = currentTime.QuadPart-frameTimeOld; frameTimeOld = currentTime.QuadPart; if(tickCount < 0.0f) tickCount = 0.0f; return float(tickCount)/countsPerSecond; } ##The UpdateScene() Functions New Parameter## time is the new variable UpdateScene() takes in. We will pass in the value GetFrameTime() returns, and then use the time variable to update our scene. void UpdateScene(double time) ##Update the Cubes Rotation## Before when we updated rot, we updated it a constant value every frame. Doing it that way, if the fps is only 30, the cube would rotate slow, since 0.0005f was added to the variable only 30 times in one second, but when our fps was 300, 0.0005f was added to the rot variable 300 times in one second, making the cube spin very fast. Now we will update the rot vairable not a static 0.0005f, but 1.0f times the time it takes the frame to render. This means that if our fps is 30, rot will be updated "1.0f * 0.0333f" each frame (where do i get 0.0333? we are rendering 30 frames per second, so we take the one second and divide it by 30, giving us the time it takes for a single frame to render, which is 0.0333), and if our fps is 300, the rot variable will be updated "1.0f * 0.0033" each frame. So this makes sure the rotation the cube makes every second is the same whatever the fps is. rot += 1.0f * time; ##RenderText() New Parameter## This is our new render text function with the extra parameter which we will be passing the fps integer to. void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt) ##Add the New Param. To printString## Here we add the new parameter to the string stream variable, so that now we can put "FPS: " fps, so the output might look like "FPS: 50". printString << text <<inInt; ##Call the RenderText() Function, Passing in the FPS## Here we pass in the fps variable, which will be updated every second as you will see next. RenderText(L"FPS: ", fps); Lets move down to our messageLoop function, where we impliment our timer functions. First, we increase our frameCount, then we call the GetTime() function to see if its been more than one second since the StartTimer() function was last called. If it has been one second or more, we set the fps to the framecount, set the framecount back to zero, and reset the start timer by calling StartTimer(). Then we set our frameTime value to whatever GetFrameTime() returns, which will be the time in seconds since it was last called. Then we can use this variable to make sure our scene moves the same speed whatever the frames per second are. You will eventually want to impliment a pause function, which would calculate the total time the game was "paused", then subtract that value from the value returned from the GetTimer() function. While the game was paused, you would also want to skip the update scene function and go straight onto the draw scene function. Then we pass frameTime as an argument when calling our UpdateScene() function. frameCount++; if(GetTime() > 1.0f) { fps = frameCount; frameCount = 0; StartTimer(); } frameTime = GetFrameTime(); UpdateScene(frameTime); Thats all we have for the timer, its not a very complicated matter. ##Exercise:## 1. Impliment a Pause function. Here's the final code: main.cpp: //Include and link appropriate libraries and headers// #pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "D3D10_1.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "DXGI.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "D2D1.lib") #pragma comment (lib, "dwrite.lib") #include <windows.h> #include <d3d11.h> #include <d3dx11.h> #include <d3dx10.h> #include <xnamath.h> #include <D3D10_1.h> #include <DXGI.h> #include <D2D1.h> #include <sstream> #include <dwrite.h> //Global Declarations - Interfaces// IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain; ID3D11Device* d3d11Device; ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; ID3D11Buffer* squareIndexBuffer; ID3D11DepthStencilView* depthStencilView; ID3D11Texture2D* depthStencilBuffer; ID3D11Buffer* squareVertBuffer; ID3D11VertexShader* VS; ID3D11PixelShader* PS; ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer; ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; ID3D11Buffer* cbPerObjectBuffer; ID3D11BlendState* Transparency; ID3D11RasterizerState* CCWcullMode; ID3D11RasterizerState* CWcullMode; ID3D11ShaderResourceView* CubesTexture; ID3D11SamplerState* CubesTexSamplerState; ID3D10Device1 *d3d101Device; IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex11; IDXGIKeyedMutex *keyedMutex10; ID2D1RenderTarget *D2DRenderTarget; ID2D1SolidColorBrush *Brush; ID3D11Texture2D *BackBuffer11; ID3D11Texture2D *sharedTex11; ID3D11Buffer *d2dVertBuffer; ID3D11Buffer *d2dIndexBuffer; ID3D11ShaderResourceView *d2dTexture; IDWriteFactory *DWriteFactory; IDWriteTextFormat *TextFormat; std::wstring printText; //Global Declarations - Others// LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow"; HWND hwnd = NULL; HRESULT hr; const int Width = 300; const int Height = 300; XMMATRIX WVP; XMMATRIX cube1World; XMMATRIX cube2World; XMMATRIX camView; XMMATRIX camProjection; XMMATRIX d2dWorld; XMVECTOR camPosition; XMVECTOR camTarget; XMVECTOR camUp; XMMATRIX Rotation; XMMATRIX Scale; XMMATRIX Translation; float rot = 0.01f; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// double countsPerSecond = 0.0; __int64 CounterStart = 0; int frameCount = 0; int fps = 0; __int64 frameTimeOld = 0; double frameTime; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Function Prototypes// bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance); void CleanUp(); bool InitScene(); void DrawScene(); bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter); void InitD2DScreenTexture(); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// void UpdateScene(double time); void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt); void StartTimer(); double GetTime(); double GetFrameTime(); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int ShowWnd, int width, int height, bool windowed); int messageloop(); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); //Create effects constant buffer's structure// struct cbPerObject { XMMATRIX WVP; }; cbPerObject cbPerObj; //Vertex Structure and Vertex Layout (Input Layout)// struct Vertex //Overloaded Vertex Structure { Vertex(){} Vertex(float x, float y, float z, float u, float v) : pos(x,y,z), texCoord(u, v){} XMFLOAT3 pos; XMFLOAT2 texCoord; }; D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }, { "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }, }; UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, //Main windows function HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true)) { MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D { MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene { MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } messageloop(); CleanUp(); return 0; } bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int ShowWnd, int width, int height, bool windowed) { typedef struct _WNDCLASS { UINT cbSize; UINT style; WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; int cbClsExtra; int cbWndExtra; HANDLE hInstance; HICON hIcon; HCURSOR hCursor; HBRUSH hbrBackground; LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName; } WNDCLASS; WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = NULL; wc.cbWndExtra = NULL; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class", L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); return 1; } hwnd = CreateWindowEx( NULL, WndClassName, L"Lesson 4 - Begin Drawing", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, width, height, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); if (!hwnd) { MessageBox(NULL, L"Error creating window", L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); return 1; } ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd); UpdateWindow(hwnd); return true; } bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance) { //Describe our SwapChain Buffer DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); bufferDesc.Width = Width; bufferDesc.Height = Height; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM; bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED; bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED; //Describe our SwapChain DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; // Create DXGI factory to enumerate adapters/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// IDXGIFactory1 *DXGIFactory; HRESULT hr = CreateDXGIFactory1(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), (void**)&DXGIFactory); // Use the first adapter IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter; hr = DXGIFactory->EnumAdapters1(0, &Adapter); DXGIFactory->Release(); //Create our Direct3D 11 Device and SwapChain////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(Adapter, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_UNKNOWN, NULL, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT, NULL, NULL, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon); //Initialize Direct2D, Direct3D 10.1, DirectWrite InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(Adapter); //Release the Adapter interface Adapter->Release(); //Create our BackBuffer and Render Target hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer11 ); hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer11, NULL, &renderTargetView ); //Describe our Depth/Stencil Buffer D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc; depthStencilDesc.Width = Width; depthStencilDesc.Height = Height; depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1; depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1; depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0; //Create the Depth/Stencil View d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, NULL, &depthStencilBuffer); d3d11Device->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilBuffer, NULL, &depthStencilView); return true; } bool InitD2D_D3D101_DWrite(IDXGIAdapter1 *Adapter) { //Create our Direc3D 10.1 Device/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = D3D10CreateDevice1(Adapter, D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL,D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT, D3D10_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3, D3D10_1_SDK_VERSION, &d3d101Device ); //Create Shared Texture that Direct3D 10.1 will render on////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC sharedTexDesc; ZeroMemory(&sharedTexDesc, sizeof(sharedTexDesc)); sharedTexDesc.Width = Width; sharedTexDesc.Height = Height; sharedTexDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM; sharedTexDesc.MipLevels = 1; sharedTexDesc.ArraySize = 1; sharedTexDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; sharedTexDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; sharedTexDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE | D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET; sharedTexDesc.MiscFlags = D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_SHARED_KEYEDMUTEX; hr = d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&sharedTexDesc, NULL, &sharedTex11); // Get the keyed mutex for the shared texture (for D3D11)/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void**)&keyedMutex11); // Get the shared handle needed to open the shared texture in D3D10.1/////////////////////////////////////////////////// IDXGIResource *sharedResource10; HANDLE sharedHandle10; hr = sharedTex11->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIResource), (void**)&sharedResource10); hr = sharedResource10->GetSharedHandle(&sharedHandle10); sharedResource10->Release(); // Open the surface for the shared texture in D3D10.1/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// IDXGISurface1 *sharedSurface10; hr = d3d101Device->OpenSharedResource(sharedHandle10, __uuidof(IDXGISurface1), (void**)(&sharedSurface10)); hr = sharedSurface10->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIKeyedMutex), (void**)&keyedMutex10); // Create D2D factory/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ID2D1Factory *D2DFactory; hr = D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, __uuidof(ID2D1Factory), (void**)&D2DFactory); D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES renderTargetProperties; ZeroMemory(&renderTargetProperties, sizeof(renderTargetProperties)); renderTargetProperties.type = D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_HARDWARE; renderTargetProperties.pixelFormat = D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED); hr = D2DFactory->CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(sharedSurface10, &renderTargetProperties, &D2DRenderTarget); sharedSurface10->Release(); D2DFactory->Release(); // Create a solid color brush to draw something with hr = D2DRenderTarget->CreateSolidColorBrush(D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), &Brush); //DirectWrite/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// hr = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, __uuidof(IDWriteFactory), reinterpret_cast<IUnknown**>(&DWriteFactory)); hr = DWriteFactory->CreateTextFormat( L"Script", NULL, DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT_REGULAR, DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL, DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL, 24.0f, L"en-us", &TextFormat ); hr = TextFormat->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING); hr = TextFormat->SetParagraphAlignment(DWRITE_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT_NEAR); d3d101Device->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINTLIST); return true; } void CleanUp() { //Release the COM Objects we created SwapChain->Release(); d3d11Device->Release(); d3d11DevCon->Release(); renderTargetView->Release(); squareVertBuffer->Release(); squareIndexBuffer->Release(); VS->Release(); PS->Release(); VS_Buffer->Release(); PS_Buffer->Release(); vertLayout->Release(); depthStencilView->Release(); depthStencilBuffer->Release(); cbPerObjectBuffer->Release(); Transparency->Release(); CCWcullMode->Release(); CWcullMode->Release(); d3d101Device->Release(); keyedMutex11->Release(); keyedMutex10->Release(); D2DRenderTarget->Release(); Brush->Release(); BackBuffer11->Release(); sharedTex11->Release(); DWriteFactory->Release(); TextFormat->Release(); d2dTexture->Release(); } void InitD2DScreenTexture() { //Create the vertex buffer Vertex v[] = { // Front Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; DWORD indices[] = { // Front Face 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc) ); indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 2 * 3; indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = indices; d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &d2dIndexBuffer); D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc) ); vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof( Vertex ) * 4; vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData) ); vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v; hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer( &vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &d2dVertBuffer); //Create A shader resource view from the texture D2D will render to, //So we can use it to texture a square which overlays our scene d3d11Device->CreateShaderResourceView(sharedTex11, NULL, &d2dTexture); } bool InitScene() { InitD2DScreenTexture(); //Compile Shaders from shader file hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0); hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0); //Create the Shader Objects hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS); hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS); //Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0); d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0); //Create the vertex buffer Vertex v[] = { // Front Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Back Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), // Top Face Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Bottom Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), // Left Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Right Face Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; DWORD indices[] = { // Front Face 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // Back Face 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, // Top Face 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, // Bottom Face 12, 13, 14, 12, 14, 15, // Left Face 16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, // Right Face 20, 21, 22, 20, 22, 23 }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc) ); indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 12 * 3; indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = indices; d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &squareIndexBuffer); D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc) ); vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof( Vertex ) * 24; vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData) ); vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v; hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer( &vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &squareVertBuffer); //Create the Input Layout hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout ); //Set the Input Layout d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout( vertLayout ); //Set Primitive Topology d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST ); //Create the Viewport D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT)); viewport.TopLeftX = 0; viewport.TopLeftY = 0; viewport.Width = Width; viewport.Height = Height; viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f; viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f; //Set the Viewport d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); //Create the buffer to send to the cbuffer in effect file D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbbd; ZeroMemory(&cbbd, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); cbbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; cbbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(cbPerObject); cbbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER; cbbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; cbbd.MiscFlags = 0; hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&cbbd, NULL, &cbPerObjectBuffer); //Camera information camPosition = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 3.0f, -8.0f, 0.0f ); camTarget = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); camUp = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); //Set the View matrix camView = XMMatrixLookAtLH( camPosition, camTarget, camUp ); //Set the Projection matrix camProjection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( 0.4f*3.14f, (float)Width/Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f); D3D11_BLEND_DESC blendDesc; ZeroMemory( &blendDesc, sizeof(blendDesc) ); D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_BLEND_DESC rtbd; ZeroMemory( &rtbd, sizeof(rtbd) ); rtbd.BlendEnable = true; rtbd.SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_COLOR; rtbd.DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA; rtbd.BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; rtbd.SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE; rtbd.DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO; rtbd.BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_ADD; rtbd.RenderTargetWriteMask = D3D10_COLOR_WRITE_ENABLE_ALL; blendDesc.AlphaToCoverageEnable = false; blendDesc.RenderTarget[0] = rtbd; hr = D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile( d3d11Device, L"braynzar.jpg", NULL, NULL, &CubesTexture, NULL ); // Describe the Sample State D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampDesc; ZeroMemory( &sampDesc, sizeof(sampDesc) ); sampDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; sampDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER; sampDesc.MinLOD = 0; sampDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX; //Create the Sample State hr = d3d11Device->CreateSamplerState( &sampDesc, &CubesTexSamplerState ); d3d11Device->CreateBlendState(&blendDesc, &Transparency); D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC cmdesc; ZeroMemory(&cmdesc, sizeof(D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC)); cmdesc.FillMode = D3D11_FILL_SOLID; cmdesc.CullMode = D3D11_CULL_BACK; cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = true; hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CCWcullMode); cmdesc.FrontCounterClockwise = false; hr = d3d11Device->CreateRasterizerState(&cmdesc, &CWcullMode); return true; } ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// void StartTimer() { LARGE_INTEGER frequencyCount; QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequencyCount); countsPerSecond = double(frequencyCount.QuadPart); QueryPerformanceCounter(&frequencyCount); CounterStart = frequencyCount.QuadPart; } double GetTime() { LARGE_INTEGER currentTime; QueryPerformanceCounter(&currentTime); return double(currentTime.QuadPart-CounterStart)/countsPerSecond; } double GetFrameTime() { LARGE_INTEGER currentTime; __int64 tickCount; QueryPerformanceCounter(&currentTime); tickCount = currentTime.QuadPart-frameTimeOld; frameTimeOld = currentTime.QuadPart; if(tickCount < 0.0f) tickCount = 0.0f; return float(tickCount)/countsPerSecond; } ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// void UpdateScene(double time) ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// { //Keep the cubes rotating ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// rot += 1.0f * time; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// if(rot > 6.28f) rot = 0.0f; //Reset cube1World cube1World = XMMatrixIdentity(); //Define cube1's world space matrix XMVECTOR rotaxis = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis( rotaxis, rot); Translation = XMMatrixTranslation( 0.0f, 0.0f, 4.0f ); //Set cube1's world space using the transformations cube1World = Translation * Rotation; //Reset cube2World cube2World = XMMatrixIdentity(); //Define cube2's world space matrix Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis( rotaxis, -rot); Scale = XMMatrixScaling( 1.3f, 1.3f, 1.3f ); //Set cube2's world space matrix cube2World = Rotation * Scale; } ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// void RenderText(std::wstring text, int inInt) ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// { //Release the D3D 11 Device keyedMutex11->ReleaseSync(0); //Use D3D10.1 device keyedMutex10->AcquireSync(0, 5); //Draw D2D content D2DRenderTarget->BeginDraw(); //Clear D2D Background D2DRenderTarget->Clear(D2D1::ColorF(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); //Create our string std::wostringstream printString; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// printString << text << inInt; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// printText = printString.str(); //Set the Font Color D2D1_COLOR_F FontColor = D2D1::ColorF(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); //Set the brush color D2D will use to draw with Brush->SetColor(FontColor); //Create the D2D Render Area D2D1_RECT_F layoutRect = D2D1::RectF(0, 0, Width, Height); //Draw the Text D2DRenderTarget->DrawText( printText.c_str(), wcslen(printText.c_str()), TextFormat, layoutRect, Brush ); D2DRenderTarget->EndDraw(); //Release the D3D10.1 Device keyedMutex10->ReleaseSync(1); //Use the D3D11 Device keyedMutex11->AcquireSync(1, 5); //Use the shader resource representing the direct2d render target //to texture a square which is rendered in screen space so it //overlays on top of our entire scene. We use alpha blending so //that the entire background of the D2D render target is "invisible", //And only the stuff we draw with D2D will be visible (the text) //Set the blend state for D2D render target texture objects d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(Transparency, NULL, 0xffffffff); //Set the d2d Index buffer d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer( d2dIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); //Set the d2d vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof( Vertex ); UINT offset = 0; d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &d2dVertBuffer, &stride, &offset ); WVP = XMMatrixIdentity(); cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP); d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource( cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0 ); d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &d2dTexture ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers( 0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState ); d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode); //Draw the second cube d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed( 6, 0, 0 ); } void DrawScene() { //Clear our render target and depth/stencil view float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)}; d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor); d3d11DevCon->ClearDepthStencilView(depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH|D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0); //Set our Render Target d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView ); //Set the default blend state (no blending) for opaque objects d3d11DevCon->OMSetBlendState(0, 0, 0xffffffff); //Set the cubes index buffer d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer( squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); //Set the cubes vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof( Vertex ); UINT offset = 0; d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset ); //Set the WVP matrix and send it to the constant buffer in effect file WVP = cube1World * camView * camProjection; cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP); d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource( cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0 ); d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &CubesTexture ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers( 0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState ); d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode); d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed( 36, 0, 0 ); WVP = cube2World * camView * camProjection; cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP); d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource( cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0 ); d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &CubesTexture ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers( 0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState ); d3d11DevCon->RSSetState(CWcullMode); d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed( 36, 0, 0 ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// RenderText(L"FPS: ", fps); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Present the backbuffer to the screen SwapChain->Present(0, 0); } int messageloop(){ MSG msg; ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG)); while(true) { BOOL PeekMessageL( LPMSG lpMsg, HWND hWnd, UINT wMsgFilterMin, UINT wMsgFilterMax, UINT wRemoveMsg ); if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) break; TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else{ // run game code ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// frameCount++; if(GetTime() > 1.0f) { fps = frameCount; frameCount = 0; StartTimer(); } frameTime = GetFrameTime(); UpdateScene(frameTime); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// DrawScene(); } } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch( msg ) { case WM_KEYDOWN: if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ){ DestroyWindow(hwnd); } return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } Effects.fx cbuffer cbPerObject { float4x4 WVP; }; Texture2D ObjTexture; SamplerState ObjSamplerState; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Pos : SV_POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD; }; VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoord : TEXCOORD) { VS_OUTPUT output; output.Pos = mul(inPos, WVP); output.TexCoord = inTexCoord; return output; } float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET { return ObjTexture.Sample( ObjSamplerState, input.TexCoord ); }
Comments
I see you spent good 2 hours copying all of this from your old site! Thanks!
on Oct 28 `15
IamU4